Apaonline iconApaonlineSep 7, 2026 ~8 min source read

Why Some Pianists Insist on Following the Score Exactly

An amateur pianist reflects on why performers obey composer instructions even when doing so raises risk or seems unnecessary, and considers philosophical arguments about what it means to perform a piece.

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Some performers follow the score strictly because the difficulty or risk written on the page contributes to the work’s expressive content.

Philosophers disagree: Stephen Davies suggests deviation may mean you aren’t performing the same piece, while Peter Kivy rejects the idea that composers necessarily know better than performers.

The useful part

Register for an account your email your username A password will be e-mailed to you. Reflecting on my willingness to follow the score written by the composers, I found it bizarre: I follow the score to such an extreme extent that I am willing to take the risk of ruining a public performance. The pianist Malcolm Bilson once discussed how to play the opening of Beethoven's Piano Sonata No.

How it works

  • As Philipp Emanuel Bach would say, "the notes are almost secondary." "Do whatever Beethoven wrote on the score" sounds like treating Beethoven as a god of music.
  • In terms of achieving a better acoustic effect or a more successful performance with high aesthetic value, there is no reason for me to follow Beethoven's instruction on the score.
  • As Stephen Davies proposes, the performer should follow the score because otherwise, they are not playing this piece at all.
  • However, this answer is obscure about what counts as "this piece." After all, it is not clear how violating a finger mark counts as not performing that piece.
  • Could it be the case that pianists simply commit themselves to whatever the composer has written on the score?

What to take from it

Bilson thinks pianists should play it only with the left hand: I say go out on the stage and be plenty nervous because it's dangerous, and because that's what Beethoven wrote. I won't, because there is something left out there on the score: the sense of danger, excitement, the risk of messing it up. For instance, chess players need to follow the chess rules because they are participating in chess games.

Example or evidence

  • 111, which has a very dangerous leap in the left hand that can be played much more easily with two hands.
  • He wrote something that is potentially dangerous, and you can mess it up, and that's part of the excitement.
  • As Peter Kivy argues, there is no reason for us to believe that the composer's arrangement is necessarily the best one, nor do we have reasons to believe that the composer necessarily knows better than the...
  • Then why do (at least some) pianists do whatever they can to fulfill what's written on op.111, if not for treating Beethoven as a god of music?

Details worth keeping

Beethoven doesn't write a thing like that for a string quartet. He writes it for a piano because on the piano it's difficult. Could it be the case that, without following the score of op.

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