Lawliberty iconLawlibertySep 17, 2026 ~7 min source read

Making Economics Humane Again

Paul Mueller argues that modern economics’ strict value-neutrality narrows its usefulness. Reintroducing questions about virtue, ethics, and human flourishing into economic thought—following Adam Smith and recent Humanomics work—would make economic analysis more relevant to real-world policy problems like homelessness and relational poverty.

Making Economics Humane Again

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Useful takeaways from this story.

Modern economics treats preferences as neutral data, which helps technical analysis but can miss moral and practical realities that affect human flourishing.

Subjectivism taken too far can make policy blind to cases where people’s preferences and decision-making are impaired—homelessness is offered as a clear example.

Recovering an ethical dimension—drawing on Adam Smith and newer Humanomics efforts—does not require abandoning technical tools but asks when and how moral reasoning should shape economic application.

The useful part

Again – Paul Mueller Search The American vice-president, among others, is no great fan of global trade. He has criticized Margaret Thatcher, Milton Friedman, and the Wall Street Journal editorial board, suggesting that economic prosperity and growth might be overrated if they require America to be deeply enmeshed in global markets. Postliberals as a group have made no secret of the fact that they view mainstream economics as inhumane with its focus on consumption and GDP growth.

How it works

  • The issue is not whether ethics matter, but whether ethics should shape economic models themselves or merely how those models are applied.
  • So why should economists attempt to incorporate conceptions of virtue, ethics, and happiness into their work?
  • Because doing so will make them better economists and extend the applicability and persuasiveness of their work.
  • Philosophical economics seeks to make sense of technical analysis and to determine when and how to use it.
  • He would reject the narrowing of economic "science" to value-neutral optimization and trade-offs that ignore broader moral considerations of how human beings flourish.

What to take from it

[It does] not express any opinion with regard to such problems as whether or not sybaritism is better than asceticism. Problem exposes the structural limits of a utility-maximization framework. Gatsby's problem was never his budget constraint.

Example or evidence

  • Should economists incorporate concerns about virtue, ethics, and happiness into their economic theory?
  • Economists fear that introducing moral judgments will undermine foundational concepts like the positive-normative distinction, subjective value, and rational choice theory.
  • After all, natural economic laws operate regardless of personal virtue: demand curves slope downward, incentives drive behavior, and binding price ceilings generate shortages.
  • Keynesians, Austrians, and Supply Siders (as well as utilitarians, virtue ethicists, and Kantians) recognize this.

Details worth keeping

Yes, but this question is more difficult than it appears. Adam Smith considered moral questions foundational to economic inquiry. Smith, Bart Wilson, and Deirdre McCloskey, among others, attempts to recapture Smith's approach.

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